September 30th Movement Of The Indonesian Communist Party

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The 30th September Movement of the Indonesian Communist Party (G30S/PKI) was an attempted coup that took place from September 30 to October 1, 1965, in Indonesia. Here is a brief overview of the events:

### 1. **Background**
In the 1960s, Indonesia was experiencing political tension influenced by the rivalry between major factions: the military, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and other political forces. President Sukarno tried to balance the power between the military and the PKI, both of which held significant influence at the time.

### 2. **Planning of the Coup**
The PKI and some of its sympathizers within the military were suspected of planning a coup to seize power. They believed there was a "Council of Generals," a group of high-ranking military officers allegedly plotting to overthrow President Sukarno.

### 3. **Kidnappings and Killings**
On the night of September 30 and early morning of October 1, 1965, a group of soldiers calling themselves the "30th September Movement" kidnapped and killed six Army generals along with another officer. The generals who were killed included:
   - Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani
   - Major General R. Suprapto
   - Major General M.T. Haryono
   - Major General S. Parman
   - Brigadier General D.I. Panjaitan
   - Brigadier General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
   - First Lieutenant Pierre Andreas Tendean (who was not an intended target)

Their bodies were later found at Lubang Buaya, a site on the outskirts of Jakarta.

### 4. **Seizure of Radio and Command Center**
On the morning of October 1, the G30S forces took control of the national radio station (RRI) and announced the formation of a "Revolutionary Council." They claimed to have prevented a coup by the "Council of Generals" and said their actions were taken to protect President Sukarno.

### 5. **Military Response**
Major General Suharto, who was the commander of the Army’s Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad), quickly responded. By the morning of October 1, Suharto assumed military control and coordinated efforts to suppress the G30S. Soon, the RRI headquarters and other key strategic points were reclaimed by Suharto's forces.

### 6. **Defeat of the G30S**
By the evening of October 1, Suharto and his troops had stabilized the situation in Jakarta. Those involved in the G30S began to be arrested, and military operations were launched to suppress PKI sympathizers across Indonesia.

### 7. **Arrests and Suppression of the PKI**
After the coup attempt, the PKI was accused of masterminding the G30S. A brutal crackdown followed, with hundreds of thousands of people arrested, killed, or disappeared in the following months during military operations throughout the country.

### 8. **Suharto's Rise to Power**
After the G30S, Sukarno's power began to wane, while Suharto's influence grew stronger. In 1966, Suharto was granted the Supersemar (March 11 Order) from Sukarno, which gave Suharto the authority to restore order in the country. In the following years, Suharto successfully ousted Sukarno and became president in 1967, marking the beginning of the New Order regime.

The G30S event remains one of the most controversial episodes in Indonesian history, with multiple interpretations regarding who truly orchestrated the coup and the extent of the PKI's involvement.